Sample Selection in the Estimation of Air Bag and Seat Belt Effectiveness
نویسندگان
چکیده
Because data are collected for only fatal crashes, it is dif cult to accurately measure seat belt and air bag effectiveness. The use of safety devices in uences survival rates which in turn determine whether a crash is included in the sample, leading to sample selection bias. We propose a simple solution to the selection problem: limiting the sample to crashes in which someone in a different vehicle dies. Empirically, we nd seat belts more effective and air bags to be less effective than previously found. The cost per life saved through seat belts is approximately $30,000, compared to $1.8 million for air bags.
منابع مشابه
Do seat belts and air bags reduce mortality and injury severity after car accidents?
We studied National Trauma Data Bank data to determine the effectiveness of car safety devices in reducing mortality and injury severity in 184,992 patients between 1988 and 2004. Safety device variables were seat belt used plus air bag deployed; only seat belt used; only air bag deployed; and, as explicitly coded, no device used. Overall mortality was 4.17%. Compared with the no-device group, ...
متن کاملMortality reduction with air bag and seat belt use in head-on passenger car collisions.
To assess the efficacy of occupant protection systems, the authors measured the mortality reduction associated with air bag deployment and seat belt use for drivers involved in head-on passenger car collisions in the United States. They used a matched case-control design of all head-on collisions involving two passenger cars reported to the Fatality Analysis Reporting System in 1992-1997, and d...
متن کاملRisk of injury associated with the use of seat belts and air bags in motor vehicle crashes.
Although air bags have been reported to reduce passenger mortality in frontal collisions, they have also been reported as a cause of injury in motor vehicle collisions(MVCs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate a large cohort of patients involved in MVCs to determine mortality and the pattern of injuries associated with seat belt use and air bag deployment. Information on patients involve...
متن کاملAssociation of driver air bags with driver fatality: a matched cohort study.
OBJECTIVE To estimate the association of driver air bag presence with driver fatality in road traffic crashes. DESIGN Matched pair cohort study. SETTING All passenger vehicle crashes in the United States during 1990-2000 inclusive. SUBJECTS 51 031 driver-passenger pairs in the same vehicle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Relative risk of death within 30 days of a crash. RESULTS Drivers with an...
متن کاملThe Influence of European Air Bags on Crash Injury Outcomes
The UK Co-operative Crash Injury Study currently includes data on 205 seat belted drivers from frontal impacts in which an air bag deployed; of these, 142 suffered some degree of injury. To detect the influence of frontal air bags, the distribution of injury over the body regions of these drivers was compared to that of a much larger group from vehicles without air bags. The injured drivers fro...
متن کامل